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COVID-19 and The Importance of Vitamin D: References

Please see below a list of the studies and articles referenced in Dr Helga Rhein’s blog: COVID-19 and The Importance of Vitamin D

  1. Rhein HM. Vitamin D deficiency is widespread in Scotland. BMJ 2008;336June28. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2440863/
  2. Vieth R. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011 Aug;25(4):681-91. Why the Minimum Desirable Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D Level Should Be 75 nmol/L (30 Ng/Ml) https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1521690X1100073X
  3. Holick MF et al. Endocrine Society: Evaluation, Treatment, and Prevention of Vitamin D Deficiency: an Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2011, 96 (7):1911 https://academic.oup.com/jcem/article/96/7/1911/2833671
  4. Heaney RP. Vitamin D in Health and Disease. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2008 Sep;3(5):1535-41 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18525006/
  5. Mendes MM, Hart KH, Lanham-New SA, Botelho PB. Suppression of Parathyroid Hormone as a Proxy for Optimal Vitamin D Status: Further Analysis of Two Parallel Studies in Opposite Latitudes. Nutrients. 2020;12(4):E942. Published 2020 Mar 28. https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/12/4/942
  6. Roth DE, Abrams SA, Aloia J. et al. Global prevalence and disease burden of vitamin D deficiency: a roadmap for action in low- and middle-income countries. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 2018 Oct;1430(1):44-79
  7. Pilz S, März W, Cashman KD. et al. Rationale and Plan for Vitamin D Food Fortification: A Review and Guidance Paper. Front. Endocrinol., 17 July 2018
  8. Raulio S, Erlund I, Männistö S. et al. Successful nutrition policy: improvement of vitamin D intake and status in Finnish adults over the last decade. European Journal of Public Health, Volume 27, Issue 2, April 2017, Pages 268–273,
  9. Luxwolda MF, Kuipers RS, Kema IP, van der Veer E, Dijck-Brouwer DA, Muskiet FA. Vitamin D status indicators in indigenous populations in East Africa. Eur J Nutr. 2013;52(3):1115‐1125 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22878781/
  10. SACN 2016 Vitamin D and health. https://www.gov.uk/government/groups/scientific-advisory-committee-on-nutrition
  11. Food Standards Agency in Scotland. Vitamin D status of Scottish adults: Results from the 2010 & 2011 Scottish Health Surveys . Purdon G, et al. September 2013
  12. Hanel A, Carlberg C. Vitamin D and evolution: Pharmacologic implications. Biochem Pharmacol. 2020;173:113595. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31377232/
  13. Martineau AR,Jolliffe DA, Hooper RL et al. Vitamin D supplementation to prevent acute respiratory tract infections: systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data. BMJ 2017;356:i6583 https://www.bmj.com/content/356/bmj.i6583
  14. Laird E, Kenny RA. April 2020. Vitamin D deficiency in Ireland – implications for COVID-19. Results from the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA) https://tilda.tcd.ie/publications/reports/pdf/Report_Covid19VitaminD.pdf
  15. Holick MF. Cancer, sunlight and vitamin D. J Clin Transl Endocrinol. 2014;1(4):179-186. Published 2014 Oct 5. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5685053/
  16. McDonnell SL, Baggerly CA, French CB, Baggerly LL, Garland CF, Gorham ED, et al. (2018) Breast cancer risk markedly lower with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations ≥60 vs <20 ng/ml (150 vs 50 nmol/L): Pooled analysis of two randomized trials and a prospective cohort. PLoS ONE 13(6): e0199265. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0199265
  17. Spedding S. Vitamin D and depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing studies with and without biological flaws. Nutrients. 2014;6(4):1501-1518. Published 2014 Apr 11. doi:10.3390/nu6041501
  18. Sintzel MB, Rametta M, Reder AT. Vitamin D and Multiple Sclerosis: A Comprehensive Review. Neurol Ther. 2018;7(1):59-85. doi:10.1007/s40120-017-0086-4
  19. Dovnik A, Mujezinović F. The Association of Vitamin D Levels with Common Pregnancy Complications. Nutrients. 2018;10(7):867. Published 2018 Jul 5. doi:10.3390/nu10070867
  20. https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/sunshine-vitamin-helps-cancer-patient-live-longer-dnrxg5cpclz
  21. Manson JE, Bassuk SS, Buring JE; VITAL Research Group. Principal results of the VITamin D and OmegA-3 TriaL (VITAL) and updated meta-analyses of relevant vitamin D trials. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2019 Nov 13;198:105522. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31733345/
  22. Keum N1, Lee DH, Greenwood DC, Manson JE, Giovannucci E. Vitamin D supplementation and total cancer incidence and mortality: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Ann Oncol. 2019 May 1;30(5):733-743. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30796437
  23. Zhang Y, Fang F, Tang J, Jia L, Feng Y, Xu P, et al. Association between vitamin D supplementation and mortality: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2019;366:l4673 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31405892
  24. Varun Samji, Tarek Haykal, Yazan Zayed, et al. Role of vitamin D supplementation for primary prevention of cancer: Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 2019; 37: 1534 https://ascopubs.org/doi/10.1200/JCO.2019.37.15_suppl.1534
  25. UK’s poor performance on cancer survival. BMJ 2019;367:l6122
  26. BMJ letter Brown/Sakar https://www.bmj.com/content/369/bmj.m1548/rr-19
  27. Sharma et al. Vitamin D supplementation for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology 2020 | Vol 10 | Issue 07 (Online First) https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Suresh_Sharma42/publication/341752269_Vitamin_D_A_cheap_yet_effective_bullet_against_coronavirus_disease-19_-_Are_we_convinced_yet/links/5eda7b2692851c9c5e81e390/Vitamin-D-A-cheap-yet-effective-bullet-against-coronavirus-disease-19-Are-we-convinced-yet.pdf